Fig. 5

Neither ATO treatment of APL patients nor direct exposure to ATO in vitro affects NET release of neutrophils. Neutrophils isolated from patients undergoing APL treatment and from healthy donors. The figure shows the quantification of PMA-induced NET production by neutrophils calculated as percentage of 100% control after three hours (A) and six hours (B). The figure also shows the quantification of PMA-induced NET production by neutrophils isolated from healthy donors treated with ATO in vitro at three hours (C) and six hours (D). There was no significant difference between neutrophils from different times of treatment compared to neutrophils from healthy controls measured with one-way ANOVA. Neutrophils stained with propidium iodide (PI) as a marker of nonviable cells measured by flow cytometry after three hours of exposure to ATO at different concentrations (E). Cell viability was considerably decreased after PFA treatment, which served as a control, whereas cell viability was not affected in the range of ATO concentrations used throughout our experiments