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Fig. 5 | Translational Medicine Communications

Fig. 5

From: The comparative effects of high fat diet or disturbed blood flow on glycocalyx integrity and vascular inflammation

Fig. 5

Visualization of yellow fluorescence tagged CD68-positive inflammatory cells, which infiltrated into carotid artery walls (see green autofluorescence of the elastin wall) to a greater extent in induced disturbed blood flow conditions in comparison to HFD conditions. Blue signifies DAPI, which labels the cell nuclei. From full sets of images like these, percent area fraction of macrophage deposition was calculated in carotid artery walls, which was then normalized by the RCA to its LCA counterpart. Carotid artery walls were marked by outlining the inner and outer diameter of the arterial walls, as demonstrated in (a and d). a 20x image of the LCA obtained from an ApoE-KO mouse with a regular chow diet and exposed to uniform blood flow patterns. b 20x image of the LCA from an ApoE-KO mouse fed an HFD and exposed to uniform flow. c 20x image of the LCA from an ApoE-KO mouse on a regular chow diet and exposed to disturbed blood flow due to partial ligation. d 63x image of (a) zoomed in on the boxed area, showing a continuous minimal macrophage deposition. e 63x image of (b) zoomed in on the boxed area, showing minimal macrophage deposition. f 63x image of (c) zoomed in on the boxed area also, showing an increased amount of macrophage deposition in arterial walls. g 20x image of the RCA obtained from an ApoE-KO mouse with a regular chow diet. This RCA was exposed to uniform blood flow while its corresponding LCA was also exposed to uniform blood flow. h 20x image of the RCA from an ApoE-KO mouse on an HFD. This RCA was exposed to uniform blood flow while its corresponding LCA was also exposed to uniform blood flow. Finally, i 20x image of the RCA from an ApoE-KO mouse on a regular chow diet. This RCA was exposed to uniform blood flow while its corresponding LCA was exposed to disturbed blood flow. j 63x image of (g) zoomed in on the boxed area, showing minimal macrophage deposition. k 63x image of (h) zoomed in on the boxed area, showing minimal macrophage deposition. l 63x image of (i) in the designated boxed area also, showing minimal macrophage infiltration

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