Table 1 Leptin / Leptin Receptor mediated effects in Ovarian Cancer

Leptin mediated Effects

OVCAR-3

Leptin inhibits caspase-3 expression and activity by modulating STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in OVCAR-3 cells.

[74]

Leptin mediated Effects

OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3

Leptin stimulates cell migration via MMP-9 expression and activity in OVCAR-3 but not SKOV-3

[44]

Leptin mediated Effects

17β-estradiol displayed antagonistic effect on leptin-induced cell migration and MMP-9 expression and activity

[76]

Leptin mediated Effects

OC cells

Leptin induces EMT via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR impaired leptin-induced malignant transformation

Leptin mediated Effects

Blocking Leptin inhibited peritoneal dissemination and suppressed ovarian malignant ascites-induced metastatic aggravation

Leptin mediated Effects

OVCAR3, SKOV3 and CaoV-3

Leptin induced cell invasion via up-regulating uPA. Ob-Rb, RhoA/ROCK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT pathways and NF-kB activation were involved in leptin-induced uPA expression

[50]

Leptin Receptor Expression

35 Ovarian Cancer Patients

Endometrial neoplasms and long leptin isoform receptor expression were associated with an increased BMI. A role of long isoform in endometrial carcinogenesis is proposed.

[68]

Leptin mediated effects

OCCAR-3

Leptin upregulates the expression of cyclin D1 and Mcl-1 to stimulate cell growth by activating the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways in ovarian cancer.

[45]

Leptin expression

BG-1, OVCAR-3, and SKOV-3

Both short and long isoforms of leptin receptors are expressed in IOSE-80PC (a post-crisis line), cells. In addition, treatment with leptin resulted in the growth stimulation of BG-1 cells, an activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of constitutive phosphorylation of p38 MAPK

[58]

Leptin expression & Its Effects

OC cells

Leptin was highly expressed, promoting cell migration, invasion and proliferation, resulting in poor survival

[76]

Leptin level

52 OC patients vs 50 control group with benign disease

Decreased leptin levels compared to control group (7.09 vs. 15.4 ng/mL), associated with risk of developing OC

[59]

Serum Leptin

167 endometrial cancer cases

Elevated leptin levels showed a positive association with endometrium cancer

[61]

Leptin mediated action

SKOV3 and A2780 cells

Cross-talk between leptin and microRNA-182 and microRNA-96 affects the transformation and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.

[69]

Serum Leptin

30 patients with endometrial cancer

Leptin did not show any significant correlation with stage, grade, histological type and node metastases in endometrial cancer.

[77]

Leptin Receptor expression and leptin mediated action

156 EOC samples and EOC cell lines.

Ob-R overexpression (59.2%) in EOC samples was significantly associated with poor progression free survival. Leptin promotes cell proliferation via activation of PI3-kinase/AKT signaling.

[15]

Serum and ascite samples

70 OC patients

[18]

Higher leptin and Ob-Rb levels, resulting in poor survival, higher leptin in overweight patient serum and ascite samples

Leptin Receptor Expression

Ob-Rb expression levels higher in ascites and metastases compared to primary tumors.

Leptin mediated action

Leptin increased cell migration and invasion via JAK-STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and RhoA/ROCK, maintained stem-like properties and mesenchymal phenotype, explaining poor survival outcome