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Table 2 Pre-, per- and postoperative data of the three study groups

From: Biochemical response to cryothermal and radiofrequency exposure of the human myocardium at surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

Cryothermia (n = 20)

RF (n = 21)

p Value*

Cryo vs. RF

No-maze (n = 19)

p Value*

No-maze vs. Cryo

p Value*

No-maze vs. RF

p Value**

Preoperative data

 Female

5 (25%)

12 (57%)

 

7 (37%)

  

0.11

 Age (years)

71 [65–74]

72 [66–74]

1.0

77 [73–78]

0.02

0.006

0.004

 COPD

4 (20%)

4 (19%)

 

2 (10.5%)

  

0.69

 NYHA III or IV

17 (85%)

14 (67%)

 

15 (79%)

  

0.37

 Congestive heart failure

12 (60%)

13 (62%)

 

16 (84%)

  

0.20

 Euroscore II

5.1 [3.2–6.7]

5.4 [4.3–7.0]

 

4.7 [3.2–7.4]

  

0.88

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

25 [24–28]

25 [24–29]

 

26 [23–29]

  

0.80

 Non paroxysmal AF

15 (75%)

15 (71%)

 

13 (68%)

  

0.90

 LVEF < 50%

5 (26%)

6 (29%)

 

5 (26%)

  

0.97

 Left atrium area (cm2)

35 [30–40]

32 [30–36]

 

32 [25–40]

  

0.35

 TAPSE (mm)

19 [17–22]

16 [16–21]

 

15 [13–20]

  

0.17

 Right atrium area (cm2)

28 [26–31]

25 [22–30]

 

28 [21–31]

  

0.29

 Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)

38 [30–50]

43 [32–50]

 

50 [35–60]

  

0.10

Operative data

 Surgery time (min)

253 [235–306]

253 [225–286]

 

220 [195–250]

  

0.06

 Extracorporeal circulation (min)

158 [147–205]

163 [148–193]

1.00

131 [116–178]

0.03

0.03

0.01

 Cross clamp time (min)

106 [101–129]

95 [86–120]

0.31

85 [77–100]

0.005

0.36

0.007

 Mitral valve replacement

2 (10%)

5 (24%)

 

5 (26%)

  

0.39

 Tricuspid valve surgery

15 (75%)

15 (71%)

 

12 (63%)

  

0.72

 Coronary surgery

5 (25%)

6 (29%)

 

7 (37%)

  

0.72

 Aortic valve replacement

2 (10%)

3 (14%)

 

2 (11%)

  

0.90

 Aortic surgery

1 (5%)

0

 

1 (5%)

  

0.58

 Left atrium appendage resection

13 (65%)

20 (95%)

0.29

6 (32%)

0.22

0.002

< 0.001

 Inotropic drugs at weaning

18 (90%)

14 (67%)

0.60

8 (42%)

0.03

0.55

0.007

 LVAD at weaning

1 (5%)

0

 

0

  

0.37

Postoperative outcome

 Time on ventilator (h)

2.6 [1.8–6.9]

4.3 [3.4–11.7]

 

7.3 [3.5–10.8]

  

0.08

 Sinus rhythm at discharge

13 (65%)

11 (52%)

1.00

1 (5%)

0.004

0.03

< 0.001

 30-day mortality

1 (5%)

0

 

0

  

0.37

 Stroke, permanent

0

1 (5%)

 

0

  

0.40

 Dialysis

1 (5%)

1 (5%)

 

2 (11%)

  

0.72

  1. Data are presented as the median [25th to 75th percentile] or count (percentage). *Post-hoc comparisons of mean ranks of pairs of groups. **Multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all groups, Kruskal-Wallis test. RF Radio frequency, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NYHA New York Heart Association class, AF Atrial fibrillation, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, TAPSE Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, LVAD Left ventricular assist device
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