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Table 1 Characteristics and comparison of patient groups (statin vs no statin), before and after propensity score matching

From: Statins in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Iranian COVID-19 patients

Parameters

Unmatched

Matched

Characteristics variables

Statin (75 patients)

No statin (75 patients)

P-value

Statin (75 patients)

No statin (75 patients)

P-value

Age [years]

65.61 ± 13.22

58.77 ± 16.01

< 0.001

63.59 ± 13.18

61.72 ± 15.83

0.433

BMI

25.92 ± 4.02

26.61 ± 3.26

0.270

25.81 ± 3.91

25.46 ± 3.16

0.545

Gender, n (%)

 Male, n (%)

47 (62.7)

40 (53.3)

0.247

45 (60)

43 (57.3)

0.740

 Female, n (%)

28 (37.3)

35 (46.7)

30 (40)

32 (42.7)

 Addiction status, n (%)

14 (18.7)

1 (1.3)

0.001

11 (14.66)

7 (9.33)

0.315

Triage vital signs

 Heart rate, beats per min

91.04 ± 18.13

94.20 ± 14.56

0.241

91.02 ± 18.11

92.12 ± 11.82

0.660

 Respiratory rate, breathes per min

19.56 ± 3.85

19.44 ± 2.45

0.970

19.52 ± 2.31

19.42 ± 2.22

0.746

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

130.61 ± 23.23

124.28 ± 17.17

0.246

129.58 ± 22.19

127.55 ± 11.1

0.448

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

78.01 ± 13.23

78.52 ± 11.56

0.841

78.01 ± 12.98

78.08 ± 11.58

0.972

 Body temperature (°C)

37.45 ± 1.14

37.41 ± 1.04

0.787

37.31 ± 1.09

37.22 ± 1.02

0.602

 Oxygen saturation (SpO2)

87.65 ± 6.52

91.74 ± 4.60

< 0.001

88.92 ± 5.88

90.23 ± 3.82

0.108

Sign and symptoms

 Chest pain, n (%)

4 (5.3)

8 (10.3)

0.367

6

7

> 0.999

 Dyspnea, n (%)

62 (82.7)

49 (65.3)

0.025

58

52

0.268

 Cough, n (%)

51 (68)

58 (77.3)

0.309

53

51

0.068

 Headache, n (%)

13 (17.3)

19 (25.3)

0.319

15

17

0.690

Comorbidities

 Hypertension, n (%)

36 (48)

8 (10.7)

< 0.001

31

12

0.001

 Diabetes, n (%)

25 (33.3)

7 (9.3)

< 0.001

21

10

0.524

 Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

2 (2.7)

0 (0)

< 0.001

2

1

> 0.999

 Respiratory disease, n (%)

9 (12)

10 (13.3)

> 0.999

8

9

0.229

 Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

19 (25)

6 (8)

0.004

15

8

0.113

Laboratory measures

 PMN percent (%)

4.99 ± 2.55

4.94 ± 3.04

0.010

4.94 ± 2.31

4.93 ± 2.82

0.981

 Lymphocyte count in serum

1.32 ± 0.84

1.79 ± 0.86

0.001

1.38 ± 0.71

1.61 ± 0.74

0.054

 Prothrombin time (PT), (s)

35 ± 17.43

15.70 ± 3.34

< 0.001

31.01 ± 11.07

19.36 ± 2.99

< 0.001

 International Normalized Ratio (INR)

1.59 ± 0.62

1.54 ± 0.55

0.602

1.58 ± 0.61

1.56 ± 0.45

0.819

 C-reactive protein (CRP), (ml/dl)

78 ± 30.34

24.82 ± 21.46

0.112

   

Antibiotics therapy

 Vancomycin, n (%)

33 (44)

35 (46.7)

0.743

33

34

0.870

 Linezolid, n (%)

31 (41.3)

12 (16)

0.001

28

16

0.031

 Ceftriaxone, n (%)

27 (36)

30 (40)

0.614

28

29

0.866

 Azithromycin, n (%)

17 (22.7)

21 (28)

0.453

19

20

0.852

Antiviral therapy

 Ribavirin, n (%)

8 (10.7)

10 (13.3)

0.615

8

9

0.797

 Lopinavir/Ritonavir, n (%)

40 (53.3)

36 (48)

0.514

39

37

0.744

 Oseltamivir, n (%)

42 (56)

37 (49.3)

0.414

41

38

0.624

Other therapy

 Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

67 (89.3)

63 (84)

0.377

65

65

> 0.999

 Glucocorticoids, n (%)

10 (13.3)

4 (5.3)

0.092

9

6

0.414

 Salbutamol, n (%)

25 (33.3)

15 (20)

0.065

21

18

0.577

 Seroflo, n (%)

12 (16)

12 (16)

> 0.999

12

12

> 0.999

Respiratory support

 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

30 (40)

16 (21.3)

0.013

27

19

0.464

  1. BMI body mass index; P-values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test for the categorical variables; P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant