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Table 2 Data analysis using the crude and adjusted Cox regression models

From: Statins in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Iranian COVID-19 patients

Parameters

Crude

Adjusted

Variables

HR

95% C.I for HR

P-value

HR

95% C.I for HR

P-value

Age

1.02

0.97–1.05

0.294

–

–

–

BMI

1.05

0.92–1.19

0.503

–

–

–

Gender (men vs. women)

1.16

0.45–3.01

0.760

–

–

–

Smoking vs. none

0.83

0.26–2.67

0.752

–

–

–

Addiction vs. none

1.63

0.45–5.93

0.462

–

–

–

Triage vital signs

 Heart rate, beats per min

0.98

0.95–1.02

0.066

–

–

–

 Respiratory rate, breathes per min

1.05

0.97–1.14

0.263

–

–

–

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

0.96

0.94–0.99

0.005

1.01

0.98–1.05

0.507

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

0.91

0.88–0.95

< 0.001

0.95

0.88–1.04

0.244

 Body temperature, Celsius degrees

1.06

0.70–1.61

0.781

–

–

–

 Oxygen saturation (SpO2)

0.89

0.84–0.95

< 0.001

0.97

0.86–1.10

0.637

Sign and symptoms

 Chest pain vs. none

0.51

0.06–4.25

0.531

–

–

–

 Dyspnea vs. none

2.49

0.57–10.98

0.226

–

–

–

 Cough vs. none

0.49

0.19–1.27

0.142

–

–

–

 Headache vs. none

1.60

0.56–4.58

0.379

–

–

–

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

2.27

0.89–5.75

0.086

–

–

–

 Diabetes

1.55

0.59–4.01

0.369

–

–

–

 Cardiovascular disease

2.38

0.93–6.06

0.070

–

–

–

 Respiratory disease

1.19

0.34–4.15

0.787

–

–

–

 Chronic kidney disease

4.20

1.66–10.67

0.003

2.21

0.49–9.89

0.302

Laboratory measures

 PMN percent

1.04

1.05–1.16

< 0.001

1.04

0.97–1.13

0.262

 Lymphocyte count

0.88

0.81–0.95

0.001

1.04

0.93–1.13

0.486

 Prothrombin time (PT)

0.99

0.99–1.01

0.755

–

–

–

 International Normalized Ratio (INR)

1.87

1.21–2.88

0.005

1.43

0.58–3.55

0.441

 C-reactive protein (CRP), (ml/dl)

0.99

0.97–1.02

0.995

–

–

–

 Serum Creatinine

1.11

1.01–1.22

0.035

1.08

0.88–1.33

0.461

 Hematocrit

0.85

0.78–0.93

0.001

0.91

0.79–1.04

0.774

Antibiotics therapy

 Vancomycin vs. none

1.30

0.49–3.43

0.591

–

–

–

 Linezolid vs. none

0.81

0.31–2.17

0.679

–

–

–

 Ceftriaxone vs. none

0.81

0.32–2.07

0.662

–

–

–

 Azithromycin vs. none

0.22

0.03–1.63

0.137

–

–

–

Antiviral therapy

 Ribavirin vs. none

1.04

0.30–3.62

0.948

–

–

–

 Lopinavir/Ritonavir vs. none

1.33

0.51–3.48

0.562

–

–

–

Other therapy

 Glucocorticoids vs. none

3.17

1.16–8.66

0.025

0.67

0.12–3.82

0.649

 ARB vs. none

2.49

0.89–7.01

0.082

   

 Statin vs. none

2.21

0.71–6.90

0.174

0.92

0.21–4.16

0.918

 Salbutamol vs. none

0.53

0.18–1.52

0.236

–

–

–

 Seroflo vs. none

0.35

0.08–1.56

0.167

–

–

–

Respiratory support

 Mechanical ventilation vs. none

11.01

2.48–18.85

0.002

6.27

1.03–11.27

0.047

  1. HR hazard ratio, C.I confidence interval, BMI body mass index, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
  2. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant