From: Statins in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Iranian COVID-19 patients
Parameters | Crude | Adjusted | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | HR | 95% C.I for HR | P-value | HR | 95% C.I for HR | P-value |
Age | 1.02 | 0.97–1.05 | 0.294 | – | – | – |
BMI | 1.05 | 0.92–1.19 | 0.503 | – | – | – |
Gender (men vs. women) | 1.16 | 0.45–3.01 | 0.760 | – | – | – |
Smoking vs. none | 0.83 | 0.26–2.67 | 0.752 | – | – | – |
Addiction vs. none | 1.63 | 0.45–5.93 | 0.462 | – | – | – |
Triage vital signs | ||||||
 Heart rate, beats per min | 0.98 | 0.95–1.02 | 0.066 | – | – | – |
 Respiratory rate, breathes per min | 1.05 | 0.97–1.14 | 0.263 | – | – | – |
 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.96 | 0.94–0.99 | 0.005 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.05 | 0.507 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 0.91 | 0.88–0.95 | < 0.001 | 0.95 | 0.88–1.04 | 0.244 |
 Body temperature, Celsius degrees | 1.06 | 0.70–1.61 | 0.781 | – | – | – |
 Oxygen saturation (SpO2) | 0.89 | 0.84–0.95 | < 0.001 | 0.97 | 0.86–1.10 | 0.637 |
Sign and symptoms | ||||||
 Chest pain vs. none | 0.51 | 0.06–4.25 | 0.531 | – | – | – |
 Dyspnea vs. none | 2.49 | 0.57–10.98 | 0.226 | – | – | – |
 Cough vs. none | 0.49 | 0.19–1.27 | 0.142 | – | – | – |
 Headache vs. none | 1.60 | 0.56–4.58 | 0.379 | – | – | – |
Comorbidities | ||||||
 Hypertension | 2.27 | 0.89–5.75 | 0.086 | – | – | – |
 Diabetes | 1.55 | 0.59–4.01 | 0.369 | – | – | – |
 Cardiovascular disease | 2.38 | 0.93–6.06 | 0.070 | – | – | – |
 Respiratory disease | 1.19 | 0.34–4.15 | 0.787 | – | – | – |
 Chronic kidney disease | 4.20 | 1.66–10.67 | 0.003 | 2.21 | 0.49–9.89 | 0.302 |
Laboratory measures | ||||||
 PMN percent | 1.04 | 1.05–1.16 | < 0.001 | 1.04 | 0.97–1.13 | 0.262 |
 Lymphocyte count | 0.88 | 0.81–0.95 | 0.001 | 1.04 | 0.93–1.13 | 0.486 |
 Prothrombin time (PT) | 0.99 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.755 | – | – | – |
 International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 1.87 | 1.21–2.88 | 0.005 | 1.43 | 0.58–3.55 | 0.441 |
 C-reactive protein (CRP), (ml/dl) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.995 | – | – | – |
 Serum Creatinine | 1.11 | 1.01–1.22 | 0.035 | 1.08 | 0.88–1.33 | 0.461 |
 Hematocrit | 0.85 | 0.78–0.93 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.79–1.04 | 0.774 |
Antibiotics therapy | ||||||
 Vancomycin vs. none | 1.30 | 0.49–3.43 | 0.591 | – | – | – |
 Linezolid vs. none | 0.81 | 0.31–2.17 | 0.679 | – | – | – |
 Ceftriaxone vs. none | 0.81 | 0.32–2.07 | 0.662 | – | – | – |
 Azithromycin vs. none | 0.22 | 0.03–1.63 | 0.137 | – | – | – |
Antiviral therapy | ||||||
 Ribavirin vs. none | 1.04 | 0.30–3.62 | 0.948 | – | – | – |
 Lopinavir/Ritonavir vs. none | 1.33 | 0.51–3.48 | 0.562 | – | – | – |
Other therapy | ||||||
 Glucocorticoids vs. none | 3.17 | 1.16–8.66 | 0.025 | 0.67 | 0.12–3.82 | 0.649 |
 ARB vs. none | 2.49 | 0.89–7.01 | 0.082 |  |  |  |
 Statin vs. none | 2.21 | 0.71–6.90 | 0.174 | 0.92 | 0.21–4.16 | 0.918 |
 Salbutamol vs. none | 0.53 | 0.18–1.52 | 0.236 | – | – | – |
 Seroflo vs. none | 0.35 | 0.08–1.56 | 0.167 | – | – | – |
Respiratory support | ||||||
 Mechanical ventilation vs. none | 11.01 | 2.48–18.85 | 0.002 | 6.27 | 1.03–11.27 | 0.047 |