Table 1 Baseline, treatment, and outcome characteristics of patients treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) under emergency use and expanded use indications

Median age – years (range)

58.5 (30 – 84)

64 (56 – 84)

38.0 (30 – 59)

Female sex – n (%)

6 (42.9)

4 (44.4)

2 (40)

Comorbid conditions

 Cardiovascular disease – n (%)

1 (7.1)

1 (11.1)

0 (0)

 COPD – n (%)

4 (28.6)

4 (44.4)

0 (0)

 Hypertension – n (%)

7 (50)

7 (77.8)

0 (0)

 Obesity – n (%)

8 (57.1)

3 (33.3)

5 (100)

 Other pulmonary disease – n (%)

6 (42.9)

6 (66.6)

0 (0)

 Type II diabetes – n (%)

3 (21.4)

2 (22.2)

1 (20)

COVID-19 Severity on admission

 Severe – n (%)

5 (35.7)

5 (55.6)

0 (0)

 Critically severe – n (%)

9 (64.3)

4 (44.4)

5 (100)

Days of admission prior to treatment with MSCs – median (range)

10 (2 – 77)

4 (2 – 12)

41 (13 – 77)

Days between MSC treatments – median (range) ^a

5 (2 – 8)

3 (2 – 3)

7 (6 – 8)

Failed or concurrent therapies

 Antibiotics

14 (100)

9 (100)

5 (100)

 Antiviral

5 (35.7)

1 (11.1)

4 (80)

 Convalescent serum

6 (42.9)

1 (11.1)

5 (100)

 Hydroxychloroquine

8 (57.1)

5 (55.6)

3 (60)

 Interleukin-6 inhibitor

6 (42.9)

1 (11.1)

5 (100)

 Steroids

10 (71.4)

8 (88.9)

2 (40)

Oxygen therapy required

 Mechanical ventilation

10 (71.4)

5 (55.6)

5 (100)

 ECMO

5 (35.7)

0 (0)

5 (100)

Pneumonia

13 (92.9)

8 (88.9)

5 (100)

Concurrent bacterial pneumonia

7 (50)

2 (22.2)

5 (100)

ARDS

9 (64.3)

4 (44.4)

5 (100)

LOS post-treatment

15 (2 – 50)

13 (2 – 50)

17 (15 – 25)

Total length of stay days ^b

31.5 (5 – 98)

17 (5 – 63)

71 (45 – 98)

Survival – post treatment with MSCs

 7 days

13 (92.9)

8 (88.9)

5 (100)

 14 days

12 (85.7)

7 (77.8)

5 (100)

 21 days

12 (85.7)

7 (77.8)

5 (100)

 30 days

9 (64.3)

7 (77.8)

2 (40)