Table 1 Baseline, treatment, and outcome characteristics of patients treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) under emergency use and expanded use indications
From: Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe COVID-19
| All patients (n = 14) | Emergency use (n = 9) | Expanded use (n = 5) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age – years (range) | 58.5 (30 – 84) | 64 (56 – 84) | 38.0 (30 – 59) |
| Female sex – n (%) | 6 (42.9) | 4 (44.4) | 2 (40) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Cardiovascular disease – n (%) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) |
| COPD – n (%) | 4 (28.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension – n (%) | 7 (50) | 7 (77.8) | 0 (0) |
| Obesity – n (%) | 8 (57.1) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (100) |
| Other pulmonary disease – n (%) | 6 (42.9) | 6 (66.6) | 0 (0) |
| Type II diabetes – n (%) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (20) |
| COVID-19 Severity on admission | |||
| Severe – n (%) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (55.6) | 0 (0) |
| Critically severe – n (%) | 9 (64.3) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (100) |
| Days of admission prior to treatment with MSCs – median (range) | 10 (2 – 77) | 4 (2 – 12) | 41 (13 – 77) |
| Days between MSC treatments – median (range) a | 5 (2 – 8) | 3 (2 – 3) | 7 (6 – 8) |
| Failed or concurrent therapies | |||
| Antibiotics | 14 (100) | 9 (100) | 5 (100) |
| Antiviral | 5 (35.7) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (80) |
| Convalescent serum | 6 (42.9) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (100) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 8 (57.1) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (60) |
| Interleukin-6 inhibitor | 6 (42.9) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (100) |
| Steroids | 10 (71.4) | 8 (88.9) | 2 (40) |
| Oxygen therapy required | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 10 (71.4) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (100) |
| ECMO | 5 (35.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) |
| Pneumonia | 13 (92.9) | 8 (88.9) | 5 (100) |
| Concurrent bacterial pneumonia | 7 (50) | 2 (22.2) | 5 (100) |
| ARDS | 9 (64.3) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (100) |
| LOS post-treatment | 15 (2 – 50) | 13 (2 – 50) | 17 (15 – 25) |
| Total length of stay days b | 31.5 (5 – 98) | 17 (5 – 63) | 71 (45 – 98) |
| Survival – post treatment with MSCs | |||
| 7 days | 13 (92.9) | 8 (88.9) | 5 (100) |
| 14 days | 12 (85.7) | 7 (77.8) | 5 (100) |
| 21 days | 12 (85.7) | 7 (77.8) | 5 (100) |
| 30 days | 9 (64.3) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (40) |