Table 6 Safety related findings of RNase treated laboratory models and cancer patients
From: Promises of eukaryotic ribonucleases for cancer treatment: a systematic review
No | Author, YYYY | RNase | Mol. Wt (kDa) | cell lines / in vivo | Method / Assay | Safety / toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mikulski et al., 2002 [22] | Ranpirnase | 12 | Phase II clinical trial on patients with unresectable Malignant Mesothelioma | Safety measurements (frequency of adverse events using physical, vital signs and laboratory evaluations) | - Sixteen (15.2%) of 105 patients were removed from the study because of adverse experiences (renal insufficiency, allergic reaction, proteinuria) |
2 | Vogelzang et al., 2001 [19] | Ranpirnase (Onc®) | 12 | Phase II clinical trial on patients with unresectable kidney cell carcinoma | Physical examinations, lab. analysis and adverse events of 14 patients were performed / recorded weekly | - No higher level toxicities occurred - 5 patients with increased serum creatinine - 1 patient with 4 + proteinuria - Drug withheld in 1 hypersensitive patient |
3 | Fang et al., 2012 [34] | RNase MC2 | 14 | BALB/c Nude mice bearing Hep G2 Liver cancer | In vivo: tumor dimension, tumor volume, body weight, tissue Immuno-histochemical staining | - No detectable toxicity - No effects on body weight - No toxicity to normal tissues |
4 | Skvor et al., 2006 [33] | WLN-RNase | 27 | human lymphocyte and athymic nude mice | Immunosuppressive activity and Spermatogenic toxicity analysis | - Low immunogenicity & embryotoxicity - degenerative spermatogenic epithelium - No allergic symptoms observed |
5 | Vasandani et al., 1999 [17] | Onconase | 12 | Apparently healthy mice | Kidneys examination using H&E tissue staining | - Proximal tubular toxicity was reversible after two weeks of treatment withdrawn |
6 | Laccetti et al., 1994 [12] | BS-RNase | 14 | - Fischer rat, - 3LL Lewis Lung Carcinoma - metastasis bearing mice | Heamatological tests, Physical & behavioral measurements, tumor & lung size measurement and H&E tissue staining | - No anemia & leukocytosis in treated tumor bearing animals - No physical & behavioral changes in treated healthy animals - No changes in hematologic tests in treated healthy animals |
7 | Joseph et al., 2020 [31] | Lp16-PSP | 32 | HeLa, HepG2, HL-60, HCT-15, SGC-7901, SKOV-3, HaCaT | Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) | - Higher selective cytoxicity i.e. IC50 of Lp16-PSP was lower in cancer cells than non-cancerous cells |