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Table 2 Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) of peripheral neutrophil-based markers with clinical measures of severity in acute COVID-19 patients (n = 36)

From: Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-forming ‘rogue’ neutrophil subset, immunotype [DEspR + CD11b +], mediate multi-organ failure in COVID-19—an observational study

 

Clinical Measures

Causal Variable-A

t1-SOFA

Outcome-A

t2-SOFA

Causal Variable-B

t1-SF

Outcome-B

t2-SF

Outcome-C

ICUFD

Potential Mediator

rs

[95% C.I.]

PB value

rs

[95% C.I.]

PB value

rs

[95% C.I.]

PB value

rs

[95% C.I.]

PB value

rs

[95% C.I.]

PB value

t1 #DEspR + [NET + Ns]

0.71

[0.48, 0.84]

1 × 10–5

0.62

[0.35, 0.79]

7 × 10–4

-0.63

[-0.80, -0.38]

2 × 10–4

-0.65

[-0.81, -0.40]

1 × 10–4

-0.63

[-0.80, -0.37]

3 × 10–4

t1%DEspR + [NET + Ns]

0.29

[-0.06,0.57]

0.630

0.27

[-0.07,0.56]

0.756

-0.50

[-0.72,-0.20]

0.014

-0.29

[-0.57,0.05]

0.602

-0.35

[-0.62,-0.02]

0.245

t1 #DEspR(-) [NET + Ns]

0.51

[0.21, 0.72]

0.007

0.47

[0.16, 0.70]

0.027

-0.51

[-0.72, -0.20]

0.014

-0.56

[-0.75, -0.27]

0.003

-0.45

[-0.69, -0.14]

0.042

t1 #DEspR + [NET(-)Ns]

0.60

[0.33,0.78]

8 × 10–4

0.52

[0.22,0.73]

0.009

-0.44

[-0.68,-0.12]

0.049

-0.53

[-0.74,-0.23]

0.006

-0.53

[-0.74,-0.24]

0.007

t1 #DEspR + total Ns

0.67

[0.43,0.82]

6 × 10–5

0.59

[0.31,0.77]

0.001

-0.55

[-0.75,-0.26]

0.007

-0.60

[-0.78,-0.33]

7 × 10–4

-0.58

[-0.77,-0.31]

0.001

t1 NLR

0.74

[0.53,0.86]

2 × 10–6

0.51

[0.21,0.72]

0.011

-0.51

[-0.72,-0.20]

0.014

-0.50

[-0.72,-0.19]

0.014

-0.57

[-0.76,-0.29]

0.002

t1 ANC

0.71

[0.50,0.85]

7 × 10–6

0.61

[0.35,0.79]

7 × 10–4

-0.55

[-0.75,-0.26]

0.007

-0.69

[-0.83,-0.46]

2 × 10–5

-0.51

[-0.72,-0.21]

0.014

  1. Clinical Measures: ICUFD, ICU-free days by day 28 [28—ICUx days] with death scored as [-1] and > ICU-28 days scored as [0]; rs, Spearman correlation coefficient, rho; SF, SaO2/FiO2 ratio; SOFA-score, non-neurologic Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; t1, earlier study timepoint on day of informed consent; t2, later study timepoint on day of discharge or death
  2. Neutrophil-based Markers: #, 103 (K)/μL per microliter whole blood; ANC, absolute neutrophil count K/μL in whole blood; Ns, neutrophils; NET + Ns, NET-forming neutrophils; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; DEspR + [NET + Ns], DEspR + CD11b + NET-forming neutrophils; DEspR(-)[NET + Ns], DEspR-negative CD11b positive/negative [NET + Ns]; DEspR + [NET(-)Ns], DEspR + CD11b + neutrophils with circularity index > 0.8
  3. Statistical analysis: Spearman Rank Order Correlation (GraphPad PRISM9.4). Correlation Coefficient rho (rs), rs > 0.46 for n = 36 attains power > 0.8, alpha 0.05. PB, p value with Bonferroni correction for the 7 hypotheses tested. 95% C.I., 95% Confidence Interval
  4. In bold: max correlation coefficients in column
  5. Variables for Causal Pathway Hypotheses: Exposure, the predictor or causal variable; Mediator, potential intermediate variable, and Outcome, the outcome variable